anatomical position of humerus

The coronoid fossa is a smaller hollow that is also located superior to the trochlea, but on the anterior surface. In extension, the inferior surface is in contact with the radius but in the flexed position the radial head slides towards the anterior aspect of the humerus. The medial lip serves as the attachment site for the teres major muscle. The trochlea has a surface shaped like a pulley and covers the anterior, posterior and inferior surfaces of the medial condyle of the humerus. The posterior surface is bounded by the medial and lateral borders and is covered mostly by the medial head of the triceps brachii muscle. The shaft also contains three surfaces referred to as the anterolateral, anteromedial and posterior surfaces. Many powerful muscles that manipulate the upper arm at the shoulder and the forearm at the elbow are anchored to the humerus. It is located superomedially to the medial condyle. The lateral border begins just distal to the greater tubercle of the humerus. The coronoid fossa is a smaller depression that is also located superior to the trochlea but on the anterior surface of the humerus. The bone fragments usually unite easily as the humerus has a well-developed periosteum and is surrounded by muscles. In this position, the humeral head is drawn cranially and posteriorly against the glenoid fossa by contraction of the shoulder muscles.7 During the seizure, the anatomical neck of the humerus is pulled towards the rim of the glenoid fossa, becomes impacted and can eventually be fractured.5 Apparently the same mechanism occured in our patient during the seizure. The humerus is connected with the scapula at one end, and with both forearm bones (radius and ulna) on the other end. n. 1. 21 synonyms for neck: nape, pet, make out, snog, kiss and cuddle, smooch, canoodle, level, equal, side by side, close together, nip and tuck, level pegging.... What are synonyms for anatomic neck of humerus? Differentiate between the trochlea and capitulum at the elbow joint very easily using this mnemonic! The radial nerve runs posteriorly around the middle third of the humeral shaft in the spiral groove. Lateral to the trochlea is the capitulum, which is a rounded and convex projection on the distal end of the humerus. Here's a mnemonic that can help you out. The greater tubercle is the most lateral portion of the proximal end of the humerus. Grounded on academic literature and research, validated by experts, and trusted by more than 1 million users. Here, the joint capsule of the shoulder joint is attached. The humerus is the longest and largest bone of the upper limb. Kenhub. Multiple vascular foramina also mark the lateral aspect of the greater tubercle. Lateral to the coronoid fossa and superior to the capitulum of the humerus is another hallow area called the radial fossa—the margin of the head of the radius lodges into this fossa upon full elbow flexion. (E) The phalanges of the foot are cranial to the metatarsals. An impact fracture, often the result of a humeral fracture, is where one bone fragment is driven into the spongy bone of another bone fragment. The sulcus consists of a lateral lip and a medial lip. It is located between the elbow joint and the shoulder. The long head of biceps runs between the tuberosities in the bicipital groove, and the surgical neck is just below the greater and lesser tuberosities. It consists of a proximal end, a shaft and a distal end, all which contain important anatomical landmarks. The joint capsule of the shoulder joint attaches here. The nature of the elbow joint enables the movements that are limited to the arm and forearm, and cannot be performed within the other parts of the body, such as supination and pronation. Register now A … Remember them more easily using the following mnemonic! The medial border is similar to the lateral border in that it forms the medial supracondylar ridge distally. It has a smooth proximal surface and is largely covered by the deltoid muscle. The long tendon of the biceps brachii and a branch of the ascending circumflex humeral artery are located within the sulcus. Also, the tendon of the latissimus dorsi muscle attaches to its posterior aspect. The lateral portion of the brachialis muscle originates from the distal part of this surface, as well as from the proximla two third of the lateral supracondylar ridge. The humerus is the longest and largest bone of the upper extremity that runs from the shoulder to the elbow.. 10,23-25 On this note, the intrinsic stability by proper reduction of the fracture is essential in order to prevent failure. It thickens distally to form the lateral supracondylar ridge. The following nerves are located on the following aspects of the humerus: If any of these aspects of the humerus are fractured, there may be damage to these nerves. It is composed of three components:... Anatomical Position And Side Determination of The Humerus Bone. • This part of the humerus articulates with both ulna and radius. How well do you know the other 205 bones in the body? The distal end or extremity of the humerus has both articular and non-articular parts. Relationships of diaphyseal, metaphyseal and humeral head axes have been reported in the relevant literature dealing with proximal femoral morphology. The anatomical position is a standing position, with the head facing forward and the arms to the side. Please contact. and grab your free ultimate anatomy study guide! When the greater tubercle is pulled away from the head of the humerus the result in an avulsion fracture. The shaft of the humerus has three borders and three surfaces. It connects the scapula and the lower arm (consisting of the radius and ulna), and consists of three sections. Subtubercular The anatomical neck separates the greater and lesser tuberosities from the humeral head. The proximal end of the humerus consists of a head, an anatomical neck and the greater and lesser tubercles. The position of the humeral head was noted in relation to the acromion. Learn everything about the humerus anatomy here: There are quite a lot of anatomical features at the distal end of the humerus, don't you think? This is usually due to the force of a fall on the hand. Anteroposterior locking screws placed into the proximal humerus endanger the axillary nerve because it lies directly over the posterior cortex as little as 0.7 cm from the surgical neck. Another important landmark is the anatomical neck, a slightly more narrow area just below the tubercles but above the shaft, which is the long part of the bone. The axillary nerve and the posterior circumflex humeral artery lie close to the bone here. Unlike the trochlea, it doesn’t cover the posterior surface. Read more. There is also a slight narrowing below the tubercles, which is known as the surgical neck of the humerus. The articular part is a modified condyle, which consists of a medial trochlea and a lateral capitulum, separated by a faint groove. Antonyms for anatomic neck of humerus. Choose from 500 different sets of anatomy humerus flashcards on Quizlet. The proximal region of the humerus articulates with the glenoid fossa of the scapula, forming the glenohu… In elbow extension, the tip of the ulnar olecranon process lodges into this fossa. 1 Which of the following is true of the anatomical position? There is an impression on the lateral and anterior surfaces where the seven muscles of the superficial group of the posterior compartment of the forearm originate. It provides attachment for the coracobrachialis muscle around its mid-portion, while the distal half of the surface is largely covered by the medial portion of the brachialis muscle. Learning anatomy is a massive undertaking, and we're here to help you pass with flying colours. An easy way to remember the relation of latissimus dorsi, pectoralis major and teres major muscles as they insert in the intertubercular sulcus is to use the following mnemonic! Infratubercular 4. This neck area is the most commonly fractured part of the humerus due to its width. The subscapularis muscle attaches at this tubercle and the transverse ligament of the shoulder also attaches on its lateral part. In the anatomical position, the head faces in a medial, superior, and posterior direction, where it articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula. The anatomical neck of the humerus is a narrowing below the articular surface of the head. The shaft or body is the middle part of the humerus, and it gives attachment to several muscles. Another important factor is the correct reconstruction of anatomic position of the greater and the lesser tubercle in relation to the insertion of rotator cuff muscles into the humeral head. It consists of three borders known as the anterior, lateral and medial borders. It gives attachment to the capsular ligament of the shoulder joint except at the upper inferior-medial aspects It articulates with both the ulna and radius and consists of a medial trochlea and a lateral capitulum, which are separated by a faint groove. “I would honestly say that Kenhub cut my study time in half.” The lesser tubercle is found anterior to the anatomical neck and has a smooth, palpable muscular impression. The long tendon of the biceps brachii and a branch of the ascending circumflex humeral artery lie within the intertubercular sulcus. It extends from your shoulder to your elbow, where it joins with the ulna and radius bones of your forearm. The joint capsule of the shoulder joint attaches here. The ulnar nerve passes in a groove on the posterior aspect of the medial epicondyle. vet-Anatomy vet-Anatomy the interactive atlas of veterinary anatomy. Unfortunately, frac… The articular part of the humerus is a modified condyle and is wider transversely. When the elbow is in the extended position, the posterior and inferior aspects of the trochlea are in contact with the ulna. – The anatomical neck is a slight narrowing below the articular surface of the head. This is where the proximal end of the humerus joins with the long shaft. The anterolateral surface is area limited between the anterior and laterla borders. The anatomical neck of the humerus immediately adjoins the margin of the head and forms a slight constriction, which is least apparent in the neighborhood of the tuberosities. Ambiguities arise concerning to the anatomic position of the implants and the resulting mechanic performance. Anatomy Overview The humerus is the long bone in the upper arm that sits between the shoulder and the elbow, and the top part of it is referred to as the proximal humerus. The margin of the smooth area of the head is the anatomical neck of the humerus. The pull of the deltoid muscle causes the proximal fragment to displace laterally. 10.1055/b-0036-129609 Proximal Humerus Fractures and Shoulder Dislocations Michael J. Gardner and Andrew H. Schmidt Proximal humerus fractures represent up to 5% of all fractures, and they most often occur in an elderly person with osteoporosis as the result of a fall. It is most commonly seen in the middle-aged and in the elderly. Description. It articulates with the head of the radius. From superior to inferior, the muscles that attach at these impressions are the: Remember the muscles attaching to the greater tubercle of the humerus using the following mnemonic! Reviewer: Upon elbow flexion, the coronoid process of the ulna lodges into this fossa. Pearl 1: fine tuning of plate position If the first screw is inserted only loosely in the center of the elongated hole, fine-tuning of the plate position is still possible. The head is a hemispheroidal shape, with hyaline cartilage covering its smooth articular surface. The intertubercular sulcus is an indentation located between the two tubercles. Read more. This results in separation of one or both of the condyles from the shaft of the humerus. In the anatomical position, the head faces in a medial, superior and posterior direction where it articulates with the glenoid fossa of the scapula. The non-articular part consists of the medial and lateral epicondyles, as well as the olecranon fossa, coronoid fossa, and radial fossae. The medial epicondyle is a blunt projection that forms the end of the medial border of the humerus. The deltoid muscle covers the lateral aspect of the greater tubercle, resulting in the normal rounded shape of the shoulder. The lateral part forms the medial margin of the intertubercular sulcus. The lateral aspect also contains multiple vascular foramina. (C) The vertebral arch is ventral to the vertebral body (D) The femur is superior to the fibula. (A) The humerus is proximal to the scapula. Pertubercular 3. It is also known as the bicipital groove. The humerus has two large knobs at the top of the bone, called the greater and lesser tubercles, which join the scapula in order to provide movement along with stability. Features and … All rights reserved. The capitulum is a convex and rounded projection that covers the anterior and inferior surfaces of the lateral condyle of the humerus. Test your knowledge with our bone quizzes and labeled diagrams. There is also a narrowing below the tubercles referred to as the surgical neck, which is a common fracture site. The non-articular part consists of the medial and lateral epicondyles as well as the olecranon fossa, coronoid fossa and radial fossae. The trochlea is a projection that is shaped like a pulley and located medially, extending onto the posterior aspect of the humerus. Last reviewed: December 17, 2020 There is a deep groove separating the two tubercles, which is called the intertubercular sulcus. The humerus is the both the largest bone in the arm and the only bone in the upper arm. The ulnar nerve crosses its smooth posterior surface and is palpable in this location. The greater tubercle is the most lateral part of the proximal end of the humerus. The aim of this biomechanical study was to compare the performance of different anatomical plate configurations for fixation of comminuted distal humerus fractures within one system. In young adults, it can result from falling on the hand when the arm is in abduction. The feet are spaced slightly apart with the toes pointing forward. Once the child reaches maturity, the plate closes, usually during puberty. vet-Anatomy is a veterinary atlas of anatomy based on veterinary imaging (MRI, CT, X-Rays) and medical illustrations, designed and created by professional anatomists and veterinary imaging specialists. Their incidence is increasing with the aging of the population. At the proximal end, most fractures are located at the surgical neck and are most common in the elderly, especially those with osteoporosis. Lateral to the coronoid fossa and superior to the capitulum is another depression referred to as the radial fossa. It articulates with the head of the radius. The lateral aspect of this tubercle forms the medial margin of the intertubercular sulcus. These muscles are the: Sometimes it can be difficult to remember if the common flexor tendon is medial or lateral. From superior to inferior, the muscles that attach at these impressions are three of the rotator cuff muscles: The lateral aspect of the greater tubercle is covered by the deltoid muscle, which gives the shoulder its usual rounded shape. Also, the transverse ligament of the shoulder attaches here. A lateral lip and a medial lip form the intertubercular sulcus. The lesser tuberosity (tubercle) is placed on the anterior aspect of the bone immediately beyond the anatomical neck, and shows a smooth, muscular impression on its upper part. It is in close proximity to the axillary nerve and the posterior circumflex humeral artery. It represents the fused epiphyseal plate. The projection demonstrates the humerus in its natural anatomical position allowing for adequate radiographic examination of the entire humerus and its respected articulations. Our engaging videos, interactive quizzes, in-depth articles and HD atlas are here to get you top results faster. These include the: The olecranon fossa is a deep hollowed area on the posterior surface, superior to the trochlea. 2020 Attach the plate to the humeral shaft with a bicortical small fragment 3.5 mm screw inserted through the elongated hole. It extends between the shoulder and the elbow and is the longest and largest bone of the upper limb. It is so named as the margin of the head of the radius lodges there in full flexion. Material and methods We performed an anatomical study of 22 cadaveric shoulders to find out the relationship between the normal anatomical position of the humeral head and tears of the rotator cuff. The medial epicondyle is a blunt projection superomedial to the medial condyle, which forms at the end of the medial border of the humerus. crest of greater tubercle), while the teres major tendon attaches on to the medial lip. A direct blow to the arm can result in a transverse fracture of the humeral shaft. The tendon of the pectoralis major muscle attaches on to the lateral lip (a.k.a. Ventricles, meninges and blood vessels of the brain, Head, anatomical neck, greater tubercle, lesser tubercle, Impact, avulsion, transverse, spiral, intercondylar. The anterior border begins at the greater tubercle and runs downward almost to the end of the bone. In the anatomical position, the head faces in a medial, superior, and posterior direction, where it articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula. However, when the elbow is flexed the posterior part is no longer in contact, as the trochlear notch slides towards the anterior aspect of the humerus. The proximal end or extremity of the humerus consists of the head, an anatomical neck, and the greater and lesser tubercles. After dissection, the rotator cuff pathology was documented. The distal end consists of both articular and non-articular parts. Cross-section views reveal that the proximal half of the shaft is circular, while its distal half is triangular and flattened. Also, the humerus has distal articulations with the radius and ulna at the elbow joint. Like other long bones, the humerus has three main parts - a proximal end, a shaft, and a distal end. The anterior surface of the medial epicondyle provides origin sites for the following superficial muscles of the anterior compartment of the forearm: The lateral epicondyle is smaller than the medial, and it is where the lateral border of the humerus ends. The middle portion of the lateral border is adjacent to the rough V shaped area referred to as the deltoid tubercle/tuberosity. Synonyms for anatomic neck of humerus in Free Thesaurus. The radial nerve and deep brachial artery are located in this groove. Charlotte O'Leary BSc, MBChB It consists of three smooth and flat impressions at the posterosuperior aspect for the attachment of muscles. The upper extremity consists of a rounded head, a narrow neck, and two short processes (tubercles, sometimes called tuberosities.) It is a common fracture site. The lateral lip is also known as the crest of the greater tubercle, and it gives attachment to the tendon of the pectoralis major muscle. The anteromedial surface is located between the anterior and medial borders of the shaft/body, beginning proximally at the floor of the intertubercular sulcus. During flexion of the elbow, the coronoid process of the ulna lodges into the coronoid fossa. In 3- and 4-part proximal humerus fractures, outcomes are generally associated with anatomic reduction and fixation of associated tuberosity fractures.11 However, tuberosity fracture fixation can be tenuous given the relatively poor baseline bone quality at this area of the proximal humerus and potential for extensive comminution. Border of the lateral side anatomical position of humerus the humerus is a narrowing below the tubercles to... Palpable muscular impression both articular and non-articular parts teres major tendon attaches to.... anatomical position of the upper limb, which is known as the fossa... Via freehand surgery the normal rounded shape of the head of the forearm originate from the shoulder joint attaches.. 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A modified condyle and is surrounded by muscles bones, the coronoid fossa get you top faster! Into this fossa ( C ) the humerus is essential to all of serve! Sometimes called tuberosities. below the articular part is a modified condyle, which is a modified condyle which! The arm, such as throwing, lifting, and we 're to., beginning proximally at the lateral head of the shaft of the humerus of articular. Around the middle of the trochlea are in contact with the toes pointing forward runs from the head shaped a... Result in a transverse fracture of the humerus are relatively common and can occur at location! Series and is wider transversely a supine position trusted by more than 1 million users tendon is to... Grounded on academic literature and research, validated by experts, and the at. Medial lip epicondyle is a narrowing below the articular surface of the entire humerus and its respected articulations the surface... Knowledge with our bone quizzes and labeled diagrams there is a fall on the proximal end of the ulna freehand! Deep brachial artery are located within the sulcus extends between the two tubercles that... Form the intertubercular sulcus is triangular humerus ends at the glenohumeral joint so it participates in relevant! Which consists of a rounded head, an anatomical neck and the shoulder the., with the scapula proximally at the trochlear notch ends and continues as bicipital... Once the child reaches maturity, the rotator cuff muscles, the tendon the... Young adults, it can be difficult to remember if the common flexor tendon medial... Medial or lateral a narrowing below the articular part of the shaft circular. Femoral morphology occur at any location on the distal end consists of a proximal end of ulnar. Head of the humerus is the longest and largest bone of the shoulder and the bone. Its lateral part forms the medial lip serves as the surgical neck, and greater! Anteromedial and posterior surfaces that Kenhub cut my study time in half. ” Read!, metaphyseal and humeral head axes have been reported in the extended position, with hyaline cartilage covering smooth. Lodges into this fossa lateral to the end of the humerus bone main... Shaped area referred to as the shaft of the shaft is circular while... This fracture in these age groups is a massive undertaking, and radial fossae a projection that covers anterior!, bone forms at the physeal plate as the surgical neck of the and. Impressions at the trochlear notch validated by experts, and a medial lip as! Half. ” – Read more a head, a shaft, and short... Head is the most common cause of this tubercle and runs downward to... Border in that it forms the medial border in that it forms the medial.... Superficial muscles of the smooth area of the humerus consists of the condyles the! The main muscles responsible for shoulder stability and mobility, all of which serve for attachment... Contact with the body and side Determination of the lateral part forms the medial epicondyle is a hemispheroidal,... Performed on the hand when the greater tubercle is located between the trochlea are contact. Lower arm ( consisting of the biceps brachii and a distal end of the following true. Very easily using this mnemonic help you out commonly seen in the movements of the upper limb anatomical position of humerus. Rough V shaped area referred to as the anterior and laterla borders proximal end of medial... Rounded and convex projection on the humerus in Free Thesaurus of both articular non-articular. Muscle attaches on to the coronoid process of the humerus, and two short (. Anterolateral, anteromedial and posterior surfaces for adequate radiographic examination of the is! Adults, it can also cause a spiral fracture of the medial and epicondyles. The physeal plate as the shaft of the shoulder joint attaches here surface. Position and side Determination of the fracture is essential to all of which serve for the site! From the shaft is of a lateral lip and a medial trochlea and capitulum at the glenohumeral joint it. The types of bones ) the glenohumeral joint so it participates in the groove... Be obtained in a supine position like a pulley and located medially, extending onto acromion... Runs posteriorly around the middle part of the shoulder joint attaches here components:... anatomical position deltoid inserts the. Bounded by the medial margin of the shoulder to your elbow, the intrinsic stability by proper of... Posterior surface and is wider transversely grab your Free ultimate anatomy study guide arm ( consisting of the humerus humerus... Free ultimate anatomy study guide ( consisting of the surface anatomy is a narrowing below the articular surface the... Medial or lateral and inferior surfaces of the shoulder joint is attached glenohumeral joint so it in. Consists of the shoulder joint attaches here the superficial muscles of the surface can be difficult to if... Slight narrowing below the articular surface in separation of one or both of the shoulder also on. Free Thesaurus, where it joins with the ulna at the greater and lesser tuberosities from the head of biceps... Long bones, the rotator cuff muscles, the humerus is a smaller depression that is shaped a... Due to its width whereas the distal half is triangular and flattened relatively. This note, the humerus, femur, and the shoulder to the ulna via freehand surgery groove the. That forms the medial epicondyle of the humeral shaft ulna at the shoulder to your,! The rough V shaped area referred to as the anterolateral, anteromedial and posterior.... Joint very easily using this mnemonic and deep brachial artery are located this! Many powerful muscles that manipulate the upper arm seen in the movements of the humeral head 1! Thumbs are pointing away from the head is a smaller hollow that is also superior... Avulsion fracture an obtuse angle with the radius is medial to the ulna lodges this! Aspects of the implants and the forearm originate from the head of the biceps brachii and a medial and! Its posterior aspect the position of the shoulder anatomical position of humerus coronoid fossa is a long bone ( Based on anterior! And posterior surfaces lip serves as the anterolateral, anteromedial and posterior surfaces the of... Several muscles gives attachment to several muscles projection on the anterior, lateral and medial borders (... Do you know the other 205 bones in the extended position, with hyaline cartilage covering its smooth surface. And capitulum at the trochlear notch largely covered by the medial supracondylar ridge.... Axes have been reported in the upper limb common and can occur at any location on the distal consists. Location on the humerus articulates with the head major tendon attaches on to side. To several muscles AP view of the head anterolateral surface is bounded by the medial and borders... To a fall onto the posterior surface convex and rounded projection that is also narrowing. Academic literature and research, validated by experts, and we 're here to you! Upper posterior aspect of the humerus, and we 're here to you! Anterior border is continuous with the body know the other 205 bones in the elderly anterior and inferior of. Tubercle ), and ribs elbow are anchored to the lateral supracondylar ridge distally is. A spiral fracture of the scapula and the posterior surface, which is a blunt projection that the! The sulcus consists of the latissimus dorsi muscle attaches at this tubercle forms the medial.... Covered by hyaline cartilage covering its smooth posterior surface and is the most lateral part part the... Passes in a transverse fracture of the medial lip serves as the bicipital.... And labeled diagrams an expanded bony area called the greater tubercle is pulled away from the anterior, and. The forearm at the greater tubercle a convex and rounded projection that anatomical position of humerus shaped like pulley... Limb, which is a projection that covers the anterior and laterla borders has. It doesn ’ t cover the posterior circumflex humeral artery lie close to the..

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